Pendant with Near Eastern Goddess (Astarte?)
Pendant with Near Eastern Goddess (Astarte?)
Place of OriginPossibly Syria
Dateabout 1500 BCE
DimensionsL: 7.7 cm (3 in.)
MediumTranslucent dark blue glass, mold-pressed.
ClassificationJewelry
Credit LineGift of Edward Drummond Libbey
Object number
1923.195
Not on View
Collections
Published ReferencesRiefstahl, Rudolf M., "Ancient and Near Eastern Glass," Toledo Museum of Art Museum News 4, no. 2, 1961, p. 28, ill.
- Glass
Riefstahl, Ruldolf M., "The Complexities of Ancient Glass," Apollo 86, 1967, p. 429, fig. 3.
The Toledo Museum of Art, Art in Glass: A Guide to the Glass Collections, Toledo, Ohio, 1969, p. 18, ill.
Barag, Dan P., "Mesopotamian Core-Formed Glass Vessels (1500-500 B.C.)," in A. Leo Oppenheim, Robert H. Brill, Dan P. Barag, and AAxel von Saldern, Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia, Corning, N.Y., 1970, pp. 188-189 and 199.
Grose, David F., "Ancient Glass," Toledo Museum of Art Museum News 20, no. 3, 1978, p. 71, fig. 3.
Grose, David F., Early Ancient Glass: Core-Formed, Rod-Formed, and Cast Vessels and Objects from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Roman Empire, 1600 B.C. to A.D. 50, Hudson Hills Press in Association with the Toledo Museum of Art, New York, 1989, cat. no. 1, p. 58, repr. (col.) p. 39, drawing, p. 397.
Page, Jutta-Annette, The Art of Glass: Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio, Toledo Museum of Art, 2006, repr. (col.) fig. 2.1, p. 20.
Page, Jutta-Annette, "Glass as jewels: an uneasy relationship", in GlassWear: Glass in Contemporary Jewelry, Stuttgart, Arnoldsche, 2007, p. 48, fig. 1, p. 49 (col.).
Lierke, Rosemarie, Die nicht-geblasenen antiken Glasgefaesse, Offenbach/Main, Deutsche glastechnische Gesellschaft, 2009, p. 16, repr. (col.).
Label TextThis Bronze Age glass pendant, dating to around 1500 B.C., is one of the earliest glass objects in the Museum’s collection. Part of a small group of goddess pendants (1923.195, 1923.214, 1923.218), it depicts a standing female figure, possibly associated with fertility and protection. She holds her breasts, a widespread gesture in ancient depictions of fertility, childbirth, and motherhood. These pendants have been found in Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Cyprus, and Mycenaean Greece, particularly in temple precincts at sites like Megiddo, Lachish, and Beth Shean, indicating a cultic or votive function. While often linked to Ishtar (Astarte), their lack of clear divine attributes suggests they were more broadly symbolic of fertility and protection. Similar figures exist in metal and pottery, reflecting a shared religious tradition. This pendant was cast in an open, one-piece mold, with a raised moldmark on the shoulder and a thread hole for suspension, indicating it was likely worn as an amulet. Its widespread distribution suggests interconnected trade networks across the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East.Late 16th-13th century BCE
Late 16th - 13th century BCE (or modern)
6th-7th Century
2000-1200 BCE
250-150 BCE
6th century BCE
Before 1880
about 150 CE
Old Kingdom, Dynasty 5, about 2400 BCE.
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