Antonin Proust

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Antonin Proust

Artist Édouard Manet French, 1832-1883

Date1880

DimensionsPainting: 51 x 37 3/4 in. (129.5 x 95.9 cm)
Frame: 64 3/4 x 52 1/4 x 2 1/2 in. (164.5 x 132.7 x 6.4 cm)

Mediumoil on canvas

ClassificationPaintings

Credit LineGift of Edward Drummond Libbey

Object number

1925.108

On View

Toledo Museum of Art (2445 Monroe Street), Gallery, 33

Collections

Paintings

Published ReferencesWolff, Albert, Figaro, May 2, 1880.

Burty, Philippe, La Republique Française, May 4, 1880.

Arnoux, Charles Albert d' (bertall, pseud.), Paris-Journal, May 10, 1880.

Flor, Charles, National, May 11, 1880.

Silvestre, Armond, La Vie Moderne, May 22, 1880.

Mantz, Paul, Le Temps, June 6, 1880.

Chenneviéres, Philippe de, "Le Salon de 1880," part 3, Gazette Des Beaux-Arts, 2, period, vol. 22, 1880, p. 44.

Huysmans, Joris-Karl, L'Art Moderne, Paris, 1880.

Zola, Emile, Voltaire, June 19, 1880.

Ménard, Réne, L'Art, 1881.

Bazire, E., Manet, Paris, 1884, pp. 104-105, repr.

Drumont, La France Juive, Paris, 1886.

Proust, A., "Edouard Manet inédit," La Revue Blanche, Mar. 15, 1897, p. 315.

Tschudi, Jugo von, Edouard Manet, 1902, p. 36.

Duret, T., Manet and the French Impressionists, Philadelphia, 1910, pp. 92, 93, 252, no. 263.

Meijer-Graefe, J., Edouard Manet, Munich, 1912, repr. pl. 162.

Proust, A., Edouard Manet, Souvenirs, Paris, 1913, pp. 101, 102, 103, pl. 27.

Duret, T., "Les portraits peints par Manet et refusés par leurs modèles," La Renaissance de l'art francais, July, 1918, p. 153, repr.

Duret, T., Histoire de Edouard Manet et son oeuvre, Paris, 1919, 2nd ed., pp. 177, 179, 247, no. 263.

Blance, J.E., Propos de Peintre de David á Degas, l Serie, Paris, 1919.

American Magazine of Art, vol. 15, no. 6, June 1924, p. 322.

L'Art et Les Artists, XXI, October 1930, p. 26, repr.

Tabarant, A., Manet, histoire catalographique, Paris, 1931, pp. 367-369, 584, no. 316.

Moreau-Nélaton, Manet, raconté par lui-mème, Paris, 1932, I, pp. 65-66, 129, repr. figs. 261, 346.

Jamot, P., and G. Wildenstein, Manet, Paris, 1932, I, pp. 98, 99, 166, no. 376; II, fig. 110.

Toledo Museum of Art, Museum News, no. 68, June 1934, repr.

Edouard Manet, New York, Wildenstein, 1937, no. 36, pl. XXXI.

Godwin, Blake-More, European Paintings in the Toledo Museum, 1939, p. 220, repr. p. 221.

Jedlicka, Gottard, Edouard Manet, Erlenbach-Zurich, 1941, pp. 288-289, repr.

Goldwater, R., and M. Treves, Artists on Art, New York, 1945, p. 304, repr. p. 305.

Rewald, J., The History of Impressionism, 1st ed., New York, 1946, p. 344, 4th ed., 1973, p. 443, repr. p. 445.

Florisoone, Michel, Manet, Monaco, Document d'Art, 1947, p. xv, repr. p. 86.

Tabarant, A., Manet et ses oeuvers, Paris, 1947, pp. 374-382.

Manet, New York, Wildenstein, 1948, repr. p. 34.

Faison, S. Lane, Edouard Manet, New York, Abrams,1953, repr. p. 18.

Gallery News, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, vol. 21, no. 3, December 1953, p. 3, repr.

Hamilton, G.H., Manet and his Critics, New Haven, 1954, pp. 230-232, 234-245, 237, 239, 243, 264, 275, pl. 34.

Baterlle, G., Manet, New York, Skira, 1955, p. 14, 120.

Hemmings, F., and R. Niess, ed., Emile Zola, Salons, Paris and Geneva, 1959, pp. 244, 260.

Lethéve, Jacques, Impressionnistes et symbolistes devant la presse, Paris, Armand Colin, 1959, p. 113.

Courthion, P., and P. Cailler, ed., Portrait of Manet by Himself and his Contemporaries, London, 1960, pp. 30, 31, 163, 196, 216, repr. opp. p. 191.

Wittmann, Otto, "L'Art francaise au Musee de Toledo," Conaissance, no. 125, July 1962, Paris, pp. 40-47, appendix, p. 111, repr. p. 45.

Friedenthal, Richard, Letters of the Great Artists from Blake to Pollock, London, 1963, p. 275, repr. p. 123.

Constable, W.G., Art Collecting in the United States of America: an outline of a History, London, T. Nelson, 1964, p. 131.

Bruner, Louis, "The Toledo Museum of Art," American Artist, vol. 30, no. 4, April 1966, pp. 33-39, 71, 79, repr. p. 38.

A Guide to the Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, 1966, repr.

Venturi, Marcello, L'Opera pittorica di Edouard Manet, Milano, 1967, p. 113, repr. p. 112, no. 303.

Sutton, Denys, "Nineteenth-century painting; trends and crosscurrents," Apollo, vol. 86, no. 70, Dec. 1967, p. 466, 492, repr. fig. 21.

Pool, P., and S. Orienti, The Complete Paintings of Manet, New York, 1967, pp. 85, 113, no. 303, repr. p. 112.

Lee, Katherine C., "French Impressionism and Post-Impressionism," Toledo Museum of Art, Museum News, vol. 12, no. 3, Autumn 1969, p. 63, 65, repr. p. 65, detail p. 63.

Spaeth, Eloise, American Art Museums, New York, 1969, rev. ed., p. 205.

Bazin, Germain, Edouard Manet, Milan, 1971, repr. (col.) p. 5.

Hoog, Michel, Impressionism: a Century Exhibition, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1974, p. 129.

Usener, Karl Hermann, "Edouard Manet und die Vie Moderne," Marburger Jahrbuch fur Kunst-Wissenschaft, bd. 19, 1974, p. 13, repr. fig. 6.

Rouart, D., and D. Wildenstein, Edouard Manet, catalogue raisonné, Lausanne and Paris, 1975, I, pp. 21-22, no. 331, repr.

The Toledo Museum of Art, European Paintings, Toledo, 1976, pp. 101-102, pl. 247.

The Toledo Museum of Art: A Guide to the Collections, Toledo, 1976, repr. p. 85.

Gay, Peter, Art and Act, New York, 1976, p. 38, repr. fig. 19.

Manet, Edouard, Manet, Tokyo, 1981, p. 121, repr. (col.) pl. 50, text in Japanese.

Manet 1832-1883, Paris, Grand Palais; New York, Metropolitan, 1983, pp. 447-450, repr. (col.) p. 448.

Sutton, Denys, "Edouard Manet: the Artist as Dandy," Apollo, vol. 118, no. 260, Oct. 1983, p. 336, repr. p. 334.

Driskel, Michael Paul, "Manet, Naturalism and the Politics of Christian Art," Arts, vol. 60, no. 3, Nov. 1985, p. 46, 54, no. 7.

Levin, Miriam R., Republican Art and Ideology in Late Nineteenth-Century France, Ann Arbor, 1986, fig. 40.

Adler, Kathleen, Manet, Oxford, 1986, p. 209, 213, fig. 208.

Hallowell, Bay, Art Ventures: A Guide for Families to Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, PIttsburgh, 1989, p. [3], repr. (col.).

Gerstein, Marc S., Impressionism: selections from five American museums, New York, Hudson Hills Press,1989, no. 45, p. 112, repr. (col.).

Blaugrund, Annette, Paris 1889: American Artists at the Universal Exposition, Philadelphia, 1989, fig. 2, p. 16.

Wilson-Bareau, Juliet, Manet by Himself, London, 1991, pp. 182, 242, 247, pl. 212, p. 273.

Darragon, Eric, Les phares, Paris, 1991, p. 312, repr. pl. 217 (col.).

Carr-Gomm, Sharah, Manet, London, 1992, p. 132, repr. (col.).

Stevenson, Lesley, Manet, London, 1992, p. 163, repr. p. 162, (col.).

Wright, Patricia, Manet, London, 1993, p. 49, repr. (col.).

Mainardi, Patricia, The end of the Salon: Art and the State in the early Third Republic, Cambridge, Eng., 1993, p. 66, fig. 15.

Gedo, Mary Mathews, Looking at Art from the Inside Out, Cambridge, 1994, p. 19-20, fig. 8.

Iverson, Tim, "Letter from a Guest," The Artist's Magazine, vol. 11, no. 12, Dec. 1994, p. 4, repr. (col.).

Perutz, Vivien, Edouard Manet, Lewisburg, 1993, p. 16, fig. 1.

Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo Treasures, Toledo, 1995, p. 134, repr. (col.).

Brombert, Beth Archer, Edouard Manet: Rebel in a Frock Coat, Boston, 1996, p. 70, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421-422, 424, 425, fig. 80 (after p. 330).

Krell, Alan, Manet and the Painters of Contemporary Life, London, Thames and Hudson, 1996, p. 179, fig. 164, p. 178.

Kuspit, Donald, Psychostrategies of avant-garde art, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 51-52, fig. 8.

Taylor, Bradley L., "The Effect of Surrogation on Viewer Response to Expressional Qualities in Works of Art," unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 2001, pl. P4, p. 189.

McMaster, Julie A., The Enduring Legacy: A Pictorial History of the Toledo Museum of Art, Superior Printing, Warren, OH, 2001, repr. (col.) p. 26.

Armstrong, Carol, Manet Manette, New Haven, Yale, 2002, p. 308-309, repr. fig. 167, p. 31.

Manet en el Prado, Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado, 2003, p. 41, repr. (col.) fig. 13, p. 42.

Meyers, Jeffrey, "Degas and Manet: A Study in Friendship," Apollo, vol. 161, no. 516, Feb. 2005, p. 61, (repr.) fig. 10, p. 63.

Elderfield, John, Manet and the execution of Maximilian, New York, Museum of Modern Art, 2006, p. 47, 163, n. 57, repr. (col.) fig. 17, p. 48.

Lahuerta, Juan José, "Guantes / Gloves", Prado, no. 2, May 2008, p. 94, 115, repr. (col.) fig. 11, p. 96.

Lemonedes, Heather, et al., Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889, Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, 2009, no. 25, p. 33, repr. (col.) p. 38.

The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo Museum of Art Masterworks, Toledo, 2009, p. 264, repr. (col.).

Rubin, James H., Manet: Initial M, Hand and Eye, Paris, Flammarion, 2010, pp. 246, 251, repr. (col.) fig. 28 p. 248.

Guégan, Stéphane, Manet: the Man Who Invented Modernity, Paris, Musée d'Orsay, 2011, cat. no. 182, p. 260, repr. (col.), fig. 231, p. 261.

Manet: Portraying Life, Toledo, Toledo Museum of Art, 2012, p. 124, cat. no. 45, repr. (col.) p. 139.

Cooke, Peter, "Manet: Portraying Life", Burlington Magazine, no. 1321 vol. CLV (April 2013) p. 274.

Zorn, Anders, Oliver Tostmann, and Hans H. Brummer, Anders Zorn: A European Artist Seduces America, Boston, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 2013, fig. 3, repr. (col.) p. 16.

Kaak, Joachim, Zeitgenossenschaft zur Malerei Edouard Manets, Munich, Sievekind Verlag, 2014, pp. 114-117, repr. (col.) p. 116.

Griener, Cecilia Hurley, Le Catalogue dans tous ses Etats, Actes de colloque Ecole du Louvre, Paris, Ecole du Louvre, 2015, pp. 234-235, repr. p. 232, fig. 2.

Gassner, Hubertus and Viola Hildebrand-Schat, Manet - Sehen: der Blick der Moderne, Petersberg, Michel Imhof Verlag, 2016, cat. no. 42, repr. (col.) p. 185.

Allan, Scott, Emily A. Beeny and Gloria Groom, eds., Manet and Modern Beauty: the Artist’s Last Years, Los Angeles, CA, Getty Publications, 2019, p. 17-18 and 289-90, cat. no. 22, p. 205, fig. 6, p. 16, repr. (col.).

Brettell, Richard, On Modern Beauty: Three Paintings by Manet, Gauguin, and Cezanne, Los Angeles, CA, Getty Publications, 2019, p. 15, repr. (col.) illus. 5, p. 14.

Reyero, Carlos, ed., Sorolla En Negro, Fundación Museo Sorolla: Palacios y Museos Ediciones, 2022, Il. 1 (col.) p. 68.

Wolohojian, Stephan and Ashely E. Dunn, Manet, Degas>/i>, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale University Press, 2023, p. 43, pl. 69 (col.), p. 152, 153.

Exhibition History

Paris, Salon, 1880, no. 2450.

Paris, Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Manet, Posthumous Exhibition, 1884, no. 95.

Paris, Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Seconde exposition du portraits du siècle, 1885, no. 212.

Paris, Exposition universelle internationale de l'art francaise, 1889, no. 492.

Paris, Galerie Georges Petit, Exposition de portraits, écrivains et journalistes, 1893, no. 743.

New York, Wildenstein, Edouard Manet, 1937, no. 36.

Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art, Portraits and Portraiture Throughout the Ages, 1937, no. 36.

San Francisco, International Exposition, Division of European Art, 1939, no. 150.

Worcester, Worcester Art Museum, Art of the Third Republic, French Painting, 1870-1940, 1941, no. 3.

New York, Wildenstein, Manet, 1948, no. 37.

Toronto, The Art Gallery of Toronto; Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art, Two Cities Collect, 1948, no. 21.

Minneapolis, Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Great Portraits by Famous Painters, 1952.

Kansas City, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, 20th Anniversary Exhibition, 1953.

New York, Wildenstein, Faces from the World of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, 1972, no. 42.

Paris, Grand Palais; New York, Metropolitan, Manet 1832-1883, 1983, no. 187.

Pittsburgh, Carnegie Museum of Art; Minneapolis, Minneapolis Institute of Arts; Kansas City, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art; St. Louis, Saint Louis Art Museum; Toledo, Toledo Museum of Art, Impressionism: Selections from Five American Museums, 1989-1990.

Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art; Amsterdam, Van Gogh Museum, Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889, Oct. 2009 - June 2010.

Paris, Musée d'Orsay, Manet: the Man Who Invented Modernity, April 5 - July 3, 2011, cat. no. 182.

Toledo, Toledo Museum of Art; London, Royal Academy of Art, Manet: Portraying Life, October 4, 2012–April 14, 2013.

Hamburg, Germany, Hamburger Kunsthalle, Manet: Painting the Gaze, May 27-September 4, 2016.

Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago; Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum, Manet and Modern Beauty, May 26, 2019-Jan. 5, 2020 New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, MANET/DEGAS, September 18, 2023 - January 7, 2024.

Label TextAntonin Proust (1832–1905) and Edouard Manet had been childhood companions and fellow art students. Proust pursued a career as a politician and journalist, while Manet became a groundbreaking Realist painter whose style was much admired by a group of younger artists eventually known as the Impressionists. Proust later wrote the biography of Manet, who had immortalized Proust with respect and affection in this spirited portrait. As Proust later recounted, Manet fixed on a plan “to paint my portrait on unprepared white canvas, in a single sitting.” Posed in an attitude of carefully studied relaxation, the elegantly urbane and impeccably dressed Proust embodies something of the essential traits of the modern Parisian dandy. Exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1880, the painting was criticized by some for its casualness and lack of finish. Others praised its bold and decisive handling of paint. The appearance of improvisatory freedom and immediacy that Manet achieved, however, was hard won. Look for areas of extensive surface crackle—a sign of considerable reworking.